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Laura Nelson (1878–1911) and L.D. Nelson (1897–1911)〔Most sources agree that Laura was around 35 years old, and her son 14–16. *Historian Frances Jones-Sneed writes that in the 1900 census, the son is named L.D., and is recorded as three years old; see (Jones-Sneed 2011 ), p. 63. *Note that there is confusion about the names, particularly the son's. : *(Jones-Sneed 2011 ), p. 63, writes that the son is referred to as L.D. in the 1900 census. : *''The Okemah Ledger'', May 4, 1911, called the son L.W. Nelson. Allen 2000, p. 179, followed the ''Ledger''. : *Several secondary sources – for example, Klein 1980, p. 13 (Klein 1999, p. 10) – call him Lawrence, without citing their sources. : *Several primary sources refer to Laura as Mary, including (''The Daily Oklahoman'', May 26, 1911 ). : *''The Okemah Ledger'', May 4, 1911, calls her husband Oscar, rather than Austin. : *See Lynch 2004, p. 42, for the failure of newspapers to get the names right.〕 were an African-American mother and son who were lynched on May 25, 1911, near Okemah, the county seat of Okfuskee County, Oklahoma.〔''The Independent'' (Okemah), May 25, 1911; ''The Okemah Ledger'', May 25, 1911. *Other newspapers reported the date as May 26. The (''Clinton Mirror'', May 27, 1911 ) is datelined Okemah, May 26, and (''The Dispatch'', May 31, 1911 ) refers to the lynching as having taken place on Friday, which would have been the 26th. ''The Crisis'', July 1911, (pp. 99 )–(100 ), also said it happened on the 26th.〕 Laura, her husband Austin, their teenage son L.D., and possibly their child had been taken into custody after George Loney, Okemah's deputy sheriff, and three others arrived at the Nelsons' home on May 2, 1911, to investigate the theft of a cow. The son shot Loney, who was hit in the leg and bled to death; Laura was reportedly the first to grab the gun and was charged with murder, along with her son. Her husband pleaded guilty to larceny, and was sent to the relative safety of the state prison in McAlester. The son L.D. Nelson was held in the county jail in Okemah and the mother Laura in a cell in the nearby courthouse to await trial.〔(Jones-Sneed 2005 ), pp. 64–65. *For a contemporaneous reference to the baby, see ''The Crisis'', July 1911, (pp. 99 )–(100 ).〕 At around midnight on May 24, Laura and L.D. Nelson were both kidnapped from their cells by a group of between a dozen and 40 men; the group included Charley Guthrie (1879–1956), the father of folk singer Woody Guthrie (1912–1967), according to a statement given in 1977 by the former's brother.〔(Archer 2006 ), pp. 508–509. *For Charley and Woody Guthrie's dates, see ("Ancestry of Arlo Guthrie" ), wargs.com.〕 ''The Crisis'', the magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, alleged in July 1911 that Laura was raped, then she and L.D. were hanged from a bridge over the North Canadian River.〔''The Crisis'', July 1911, (pp. 99 )–(100 ).〕 According to some sources, Laura had a baby with her at the time, who one witness said survived the attack.〔 Sightseers gathered on the bridge the following morning and photographs of the hanging bodies were sold as postcards; the one of Laura is the only known surviving photograph of a female lynching victim.〔For the postcards, see Allen 2000, pp. 179–180. *(Jones-Sneed 2011 ), p. 64, writes that it is the only extant photograph of a black woman lynch victim, but it appears to be the only photograph of a female victim, black or white.〕 No one was ever charged with the murders; the district judge convened a grand jury, but the killers were never identified.〔Davidson 2007, (p. 8 ).〕 Although Woody Guthrie was not born until 14 months after the lynching, the photographs and his father's reported involvement had a lasting effect on him, and he wrote several songs about the killings.〔Jackson 2008, (p. 136 ).〕 The Nelsons were among at least 4,743 people lynched in the United States between 1888 and 1968, 3,446 (72.7 percent) of them black, 73 percent of them in the South, around 150 of them women.〔For the overall figures, see Kennedy 1998, (p. 42 ). *For 150 women, see Feimster 2009, (p. 158 ). Segrave 2010, (p. 18 ), gives the figure 115. *According to Amy Louise Wood, precise figures are difficult to ascertain, in part because of disagreement about what constitutes a lynching. She writes that the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Tuskegee Institute and the ''Chicago Tribune'' kept records, but researchers believe that many lynchings were not recorded. She estimates that at least 3,200 black men were lynched in the South between 1880 and 1940 (Wood 2009, (p. 3 )).〕 ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lynching of Laura and L.D. Nelson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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